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        <title>Lema&#039;s Blog - Economics &amp; International Relations</title>
        <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/</link>
        <description>Lema&#039;s Blog - Economics &amp; International Relations</description>
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                <title>Contesting the imagined futures of infrastructure projects in Uganda</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/5120466/contesting-the-imagined-futures-of-infrastructure-projects-in-uganda</link>
                <pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2025 21:23:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;b&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;section-heading-2 moze-left&quot; id=&quot;abstract&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 700; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;last moze-left&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;This paper critically examines the impacts of Chinese-backed infrastructure projects in Uganda, focusing on the tensions and conflicts surrounding their development. It highlights how the anticipated benefits of these projects are often contested and met with collective resistance. Drawing on interdisciplinary frameworks of state capacity and contentious politics, we analyze two key examples of Chinese-backed infrastructure projects in Uganda: the Kampala-Entebbe Expressway (KEE) and the Entebbe International Airport Expansion Project. Our central argument is that Uganda’s weak state capacity facilitates poorly planned and executed projects, leading to their failure to meet expectations. Discontent arises from the gap between the promised futures of these infrastructure projects and the disappointing realities they have produced. This disconnect can be attributed to systemic issues stemming from the state’s inability to effectively govern and manage the projects. The consequences of Uganda’s weak state capacity include widespread corruption, a lack of transparency and accountability, disregard for human rights, inadequate risk assessment, and poor adherence to regulations. Furthermore, limited community engagement and the failure to address local concerns have compounded the socio-political challenges facing the country. These issues are reflected in the growing public disillusionment, as evidenced by the recurring protests against the government.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;last moze-left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;To find out more, see&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311886.2025.2551872#abstract&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Cogent Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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                <title>Blessing Dams or Crushing Hope? A Theoretical Framework on State Capacity, Regime Types, and Conflict Dynamics over Dam Projects</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/5120461/blessing-dams-or-crushing-hope-a-theoretical-framework-on-state-capacity-re</link>
                <pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2025 21:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-start&quot;&gt;Abstract:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-start&quot;&gt;This paper is part of a broader dissertation project that draws on a rich interdisciplinary perspective on state capacity, contentious politics, political geography, and political ecology to analyze the dynamics of conflict around Chinese-backed hydro-dam projects in Ghana (Bui dam) and Sudan (Merowe dam). A key argument is that, while these mega-projects are textbook examples of state-building efforts, a narrative they have helped reinforce, they also have generated major pushbacks, especially from the project-affected communities and those backing them. This paper proposes a working theoretical framework to help analyze the complexity of the dynamic contentions over these major infrastructural undertakings in Africa. As such, the theoretical model focuses on political regimes and state capacity and how they combine to shape the resulting conflict dynamics over dam building efforts. It specifically argues that different political power structures (regime types) rely on different dimensions of state capacity to deal with development-induced crises such as those arising from dam building, which shapes the dynamics of the resulting conflicts.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;moze-start&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;For more details, see&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/573/article/956175/pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;International Journal of Conflict &amp;amp; Reconciliation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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                    <item>
                <title>Blessing Dams or Crushing Hope? A Theoretical Framework on State Capacity, Regime Types, and Conflict Dynamics over Dam Projects</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/4932538/blessing-dams-or-crushing-hope-a-theoretical-framework-on-state-capacity-re</link>
                <pubDate>Sun, 13 Apr 2025 23:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-start&quot;&gt;Abstract:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-start&quot;&gt;This paper is part of a broader dissertation project that draws on a rich interdisciplinary perspective on state capacity, contentious politics, political geography, and political ecology to analyze the dynamics of conflict around Chinese-backed hydro-dam projects in Ghana (Bui dam) and Sudan (Merowe dam). A key argument is that, while these mega-projects are textbook examples of state-building efforts, a narrative they have helped reinforce, they also have generated major pushbacks, especially from the project-affected communities and those backing them. This paper proposes a working theoretical framework to help analyze the complexity of the dynamic contentions over these major infrastructural undertakings in Africa. As such, the theoretical model focuses on political regimes and state capacity and how they combine to shape the resulting conflict dynamics over dam building efforts. It specifically argues that different political power structures (regime types) rely on different dimensions of state capacity to deal with development-induced crises such as those arising from dam building, which shapes the dynamics of the resulting conflicts.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-start&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot; class=&quot;moze-start&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;To read more, see&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/573/article/956175/pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;International Journal of Conflict &amp;amp; Reconciliation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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                <title>Alternance présidentielle et culture démocratique réaffirmée au Ghana</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/4740233/alternance-presidentielle-et-culture-democratique-reaffirmee-au-ghana</link>
                <pubDate>Tue, 24 Dec 2024 15:35:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>Published by &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://prame.openum.ca/2024/12/13/alternance-presidentielle-et-culture-democratique-reaffirmee-au-ghana/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;PRAME&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Le 7 décembre, plus de 11 millions (sur un total de plus de &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/politics/BREAKING-Bawumia-concedes-defeat-in-2024-Presidential-Election-congratulates-Mahama-1963240&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;18 millions inscrits&lt;/a&gt; sur le fichier électoral) de Ghanéens se sont rendus aux urnes pour élire le président et les 276 membres du parlement. Ayant atteint la &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ghana_1996&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;limite constitutionnelle&lt;/a&gt; de deux mandats, le président sortant Nana Akufo-Addo était inéligible. Selon les &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ghanas-ex-president-mahama-wins-presidential-election-with-5655-vote-electoral-2024-12-09/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;résultats provisoires&lt;/a&gt;, l’opposant et ancien président John Dramani Mahama du National Democratic Congress (NDC), a obtenu 56,55% des voix, score suffisant pour gagner dès le premier tour. D’ailleurs, le candidat du parti au pouvoir et vice-président Mahamudu Bawumia du New Patriotic Party (NPP), a reconnu sa défaite le lendemain des élections, avant même que la commission électorale n’en fasse l’annonce.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Le Ghana &lt;a href=&quot;https://ec.gov.gh/electoral-system/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;organise&lt;/a&gt; ses élections selon un système uninominal majoritaire à deux tours. Cela signifie qu’un candidat doit recueillir plus de 50% de voix pour être déclaré vainqueur des élections dès le premier tour. Le NDC a également remporté les élections législatives avec une victoire écrasante, obtenant 183 sièges sur 276, contre 73 sièges pour le NPP, ce qui lui assure une nette majorité au parlement. Cette victoire marque un retour historique pour John Dramani Mahama, faisant de lui le premier président de la quatrième République à reprendre la présidence après l’avoir perdu dans les urnes (en 2016).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Bien que 12 candidats soient en lice pour la présidence, seuls deux partis semblaient avoir des chances réalistes de l’emporter. En effet, depuis le rétablissement du multipartisme en 1992, les élections présidentielles et législatives ont systématiquement été dominées par les candidats du National Democratic Congress (NDC) de centre-gauche – fondé par l’ancien président Jerry Rawlings – et du New Patriotic Party (NPP) de centre-droit. Le premier a été au pouvoir de 1992 à 2000, puis de 2008 à 2016, tandis que le second a exercé la présidence de 2000 à 2008, puis de 2016 à aujourd’hui.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Le Ghana est &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09692290.2022.2127833&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;reconnu&lt;/a&gt; comme un modèle de démocratie dans une sous-région marquée par l’instabilité politique et sécuritaire. Au cours des 32 dernières années, le pays a connu une &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czd545m0qjqo&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;série de scrutins serrés&lt;/a&gt; mais pacifiques. En 2008, par exemple, moins d’un demi-point de pourcentage séparait les deux candidats au second tour. Lors de l’élection qui s’est tenue quatre ans plus tard, le vainqueur, John Dramani Mahama, a franchi le seuil des 50% au premier tour avec moins de 80000 voix d’avance. Ce résultat a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.voanews.com/a/ghana-supreme-court-upholds-presidents-poll-win/1739631.html&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;déclenché&lt;/a&gt; une plainte en justice de la part du NPP, qui a fait valoir que les feuilles de décompte de certains bureaux de vote avaient été falsifiées. Bien que cette contestation &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.voanews.com/a/ghana-supreme-court-upholds-presidents-poll-win/1739631.html&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;n’a pas abouti&lt;/a&gt;, elle a conduit la commission électorale à introduire de nouvelles mesures pour garantir une plus grande transparence du processus électoral dans le pays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;Les enjeux du scrutin et l’explication des résultats&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Poursuivant la tendance mondiale au vote de protestation contre les gouvernements en place, les Ghanéens ont choisi un visage politique familier. En effet, John Dramani Mahama, 66 ans, fait son retour sur le devant de la scène politique du pays ouest africain après en avoir été le président de 2012 à 2016. Il convient de souligner que M. Mahama avait spectaculairement échoué à se faire réélire en 2016 contre Nana Akufo-Addo, avec ce qui était alors la &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fact-checkghana.com/did-mahama-lose-the-2016-elections-by-over-1-million-votes/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;plus grande défaite&lt;/a&gt; d’un président candidat à sa propre succession dans l’histoire post-indépendance du Ghana. Cet échec est survenu dans un contexte de &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Eight-scandals-that-have-rocked-the-Mahama-administration-490932&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;scandales de corruption&lt;/a&gt; et d’une &lt;a href=&quot;https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/ghana-electricity-outage-dumsor/index.html&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;crise énergétique&lt;/a&gt; qui avait paralysé le pays. En outre, il a également été battu par le même candidat en 2020. De ce fait, on peut conclure que les résultats des élections de ce mois pourraient davantage refléter les frustrations à l’égard du parti au pouvoir, dirigé par le président sortant Nana Akufo-Addo, que la véritable popularité du président élu. En d’autres termes, sa victoire semble incarner plus le sentiment généralisé au Ghana en faveur d’un changement de leadership, quel qu’en soit le coût.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Au Ghana, les élections se &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.afrobarometer.org/articles/international-youth-day-unemployment-and-education-are-ghanaian-youths-most-important-problems/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;gagnent&lt;/a&gt; et se &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261379404000022?via%3Dihub&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;perdent&lt;/a&gt; sur &lt;a href=&quot;https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2960836&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;l’économie et l’emploi&lt;/a&gt;. Un récent sondage du réseau de recherche indépendant Afrobarometer &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/R10-News-release-Unemployment-tops-Ghanaians-priorities-Afrobarometer-bh-30oct24.pdf&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;indique&lt;/a&gt; que 82% des personnes interrogées ont déclaré que le pays était sur la mauvaise voie. Les Ghanéens se sont rendus aux urnes dans un contexte de pauvreté croissante et de coût de la vie élevé. Le pays reçoit actuellement une &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2023/05/17/pr23151-ghana-imf-executive-board-approves-extended-credit-facility-arrangement-for-ghana&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;aide de 3 milliards de dollars&lt;/a&gt;du Fonds monétaire international (FMI). L’inflation, les allégations de corruption, le coût élevé de la vie et l’exploitation minière illégale rampante ont conduit à des manifestations au cours des deux dernières années.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Nana Akufo-Addo a été élu président en 2016 (puis réélu en 2020), suscitant de grandes attentes du peuple ghanéen. Dès son accession à la présidence, il a lancé et poursuivi des &lt;a href=&quot;https://theconversation.com/ghanas-outgoing-president-nana-akufo-addo-failed-to-live-up-to-expectations-a-look-at-his-time-in-office-243705&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;initiatives audacieuses&lt;/a&gt;, tant sur le plan national qu’international, visant à impulser un développement durable et à renforcer la position du Ghana sur la scène mondiale. Entre autres, “&lt;a href=&quot;https://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/items/77cdf4be-313b-42ba-8a23-25ada87d3f6a&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;Ghana Beyond Aid&lt;/a&gt;” est devenu la logique centrale des interactions du pays avec ses partenaires bilatéraux et multilatéraux au niveau international. L’idée était de transformer l’économie ghanéenne, fondée sur la production et l’exportation de matières premières, en une économie basée sur l’industrie manufacturière et les services à haute valeur ajoutée. M. Akufo-Addo a défendu cette idée avec vigueur et l’un des signes de son succès a été la &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/03/20/pr1983-ghana-imf-executive-board-completes-the-last-review-of-extended-credit-facility-for-ghana&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;fin du soutien&lt;/a&gt; du Fonds monétaire international en 2019. A l’interne, le président a &lt;a href=&quot;https://theconversation.com/ghanas-outgoing-president-nana-akufo-addo-failed-to-live-up-to-expectations-a-look-at-his-time-in-office-243705&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;supprimé les frais de scolarité&lt;/a&gt; dans les établissements d’enseignement secondaire supérieur, ce qui a fait bondir le taux scolarisation des jeunes. De même, pour répondre au besoin d’emploi des (jeunes) ghanéens et assurer la stabilité du secteur financier, il a mis en place des politiques telles que &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/ghana-one-district-one-factor-1d1f-initiative&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;1District 1Factory&lt;/a&gt; – un plan d’industrialisation visant à promouvoir l’industrie manufacturière et à créer des emplois, l’assainissement du secteur bancaire, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Cependant, le grand espoir suscité par l’arrivée de Nana Akufo-Addo au pouvoir en 2017 a rapidement laissé place à une profonde désillusion. Parmi les nombreuses critiques, la politique de gestion de la pandémie de COVID-19 a été marquée par des accusations de &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.modernghana.com/news/1321089/covid-19-was-financial-bonanza-for-npp-nii-moi.html&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;népotisme&lt;/a&gt; et de &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Nearly-50-of-COVID-19-funds-was-used-for-budget-support-not-COVID-19-ndash-A-G-rsquo-s-report-1700255&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;corruption&lt;/a&gt;. De plus, sous la direction du président et de son vice-président Mahamudu Bawumia (candidat malheureux du parti au pouvoir contre M. Mahama), l’économie ghanéenne a sombré dans sa plus grave crise en une génération en 2022. L’inflation a atteint un &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ghana-inflation-rises-541-yy-december-2023-01-11/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;taux record&lt;/a&gt; de 54,1%, tandis que le défaut de paiement de la dette a contraint le Ghana à &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2024/01/19/pr2417-gha-imf-exec-brd-conclude-2023-aiv-consult-complete-1st-rev-under-ecf-arrgmt&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;solliciter de nouveau l’aide&lt;/a&gt; du Fonds monétaire international, portant un coup fatal à la politique de « Ghana Beyond Aid », si chère au régime en place. Selon la Banque mondiale, 850000 Ghanéens &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czd545m0qjqo&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;auraient été basculé&lt;/a&gt; dans la pauvreté en 2022 en raison de la flambée des prix. Ces « nouveaux pauvres » sont venus s’ajouter aux six millions de personnes qui vivaient déjà dans la pauvreté. Le chômage des jeunes et l’exode des Ghanéens à la recherche de meilleures opportunités ailleurs ont également été des caractéristiques de ces dernières années. Enfin, l’impact dévastateur de l’exploitation minière illégale, connue sous le nom de « galamsey », sur l’environnement à l’échelle nationale, ainsi que d’autres promesses non tenues, illustrent de manière éclatante les échecs de Nana Akufo-Addo et, par extension, de son vice-président Mahamudu Bawumia. Il n’est donc guère surprenant que le parti et son porteur d’étendard aient perdu ces élections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-weight: 700&quot;&gt;A quoi peut-on s’attendre du nouveau président pour le Ghana ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Si les résultats de ces élections constituent un acte d’inculpation accablant pour le président sortant, ils offrent une occasion remarquable à John Dramani Mahama, le nouveau-ancien président du Ghana, de réécrire son héritage politique. Seul président à avoir échoué de se faire réélire après un seul mandat dans l’histoire politique du pays, les &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ghanas-ex-president-mahama-wins-presidential-election-with-5655-vote-electoral-2024-12-09/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;56,55% des voix&lt;/a&gt; obtenues – la plus grande marge de victoire dans une élection ghanéenne depuis 1996 – lui donnent une chance de réparer cette image. Il promet de stimuler l’économie ghanéenne et de créer des emplois. Dans ce sens, sa (nouvelle) vision politique pour le pays, exposée dans son &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scribd.com/document/764731038/Official-NDC-Manifesto-2024-pdf-download&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;manifeste&lt;/a&gt;, est à la fois pragmatique et ambitieuse. En plus de promettre de créer des opportunités d’emploi dans des domaines émergents tels que l’agro-industrie, la technologie numérique et les énergies renouvelables, il propose également non seulement une « &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZR_CKiKoXzU&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;24-hour economy&lt;/a&gt; », visant à stimuler l’activité économique du pays, mais aussi un « &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.modernghana.com/videonews/CitiTV/3/448128/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;Agriculture for Economic Transformation Agenda&lt;/a&gt; » pour un secteur agricole moderne alimenté par la technologie et l’innovation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Cependant, la question demeure de savoir comment ses programmes seront financés, au vu de la situation financière catastrophique du pays (paralysie économique, augmentation de la dette, manque d’investissements, etc.) et d’un environnement économique mondial postpandémique peu favorable aux investissements. Parallèlement, la population devient de plus en plus impatiente de retrouver un niveau de vie élevé et un coût de la vie abordable. En conséquence, face à l’ampleur de la tâche et aux puissants obstacles à surmonter, il reste à savoir comment, voire si, le président élu sera en mesure de maintenir le cap et d’influer sur le cours des événements. Comme il le &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ghanas-ex-president-mahama-wins-presidential-election-with-5655-vote-electoral-2024-12-09/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;reconnait&lt;/a&gt;lui-même, cette victoire « nous rappelle constamment le sort qui nous attend si nous ne parvenons pas à répondre aux aspirations de notre peuple et si nous gouvernons avec arrogance ». Maintenant, les Ghanéens et le monde entier le regardent !&lt;/p&gt;

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                <title>Illegal Chinese Timber Trade Fuels Insurgency in Mozambique</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/4580537/illegal-chinese-timber-trade-fuels-insurgency-in-mozambique</link>
                <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jul 2024 17:12:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 class=&quot;moze-left&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;product-header__identity podcast-header__identity&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-china-in-africa-podcast/id484409506?i=1000656593221&quot; class=&quot;link&quot; data-metrics-click=&quot;{&amp;quot;actionType&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;navigate&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;targetType&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;link&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;targetId&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;LinkToPodcast&amp;quot;}&quot; style=&quot;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The China in Africa Podcast&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-test-bidi=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;moze-left&quot;&gt;Officially, Mozambique bans the export of raw timber in an effort to protect what&#039;s left of the country&#039;s rapidly shrinking forests. But whatever laws are in place are largely disregarded as more than 500,000 tons of timber leave the country each year&amp;nbsp; — 90% of which goes to China, according to a new report by the Environmental Investigation Agency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-test-bidi=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;moze-left&quot;&gt;This illicit timber trade is also very lucrative, generating more than a billion dollars that helps to fund a deadly insurgency ravaging northern Mozambique.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p data-test-bidi=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;moze-left&quot;&gt;Alexandra Bloom, a senior trade and policy analyst at EIA, joins Eric &amp;amp; Cobus to discuss EIA&#039;s multi-year investigation that uncovered widespread corruption and negligence at every level of the timber supply chain.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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                    <item>
                <title>It’s not only Israel on trial. South Africa is testing the west’s claim to moral superiority</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/4422038/its-not-only-israel-on-trial-south-africa-is-testing-the-wests-claim-to-mor</link>
                <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 01:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;span style=&quot; float: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Supporters of Palestine have long been told their position is fringe. But this case gives them legitimacy – and tests the limits of human rights&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;By&amp;nbsp;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;author&quot; data-link-name=&quot;auto tag link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/profile/nesrinemalik&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Nesrine Malik&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;

 for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/jan/15/israel-trial-south-africa-icj-palestine&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;dcr-vq85ex&quot; style=&quot;word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;dcr-1ipjagz&quot; style=&quot;float: left;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;t was only a little over six hours of legal argument, but the genocide case brought by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/world/southafrica&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; data-component=&quot;auto-linked-tag&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;South Africa&lt;/a&gt; against Israel at the international court of justice had decades of history bearing down on it. The specifics dealt with Israel’s assault on Gaza, but at its heart, the case was about something wider: closing the gap between Palestinian reality and how the dominant political forces describe it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;dcr-vq85ex&quot; style=&quot;word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px;&quot;&gt;For weeks now, anger at events in Gaza has spilled out on to the streets across Europe. Yet this anger has been resolutely ignored, dismissed, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/26/palestine-protest-ban-france-germany/&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;banned&lt;/a&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://news.sky.com/story/waving-a-palestinian-flag-on-british-streets-may-not-be-legitimate-suella-braverman-warns-12981988&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;vilified&lt;/a&gt; by political leaders. Public support for a ceasefire, now at &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/Caabu/status/1745022875705258304?s=20&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;more than 70%&lt;/a&gt; in the UK, is not reflected in the positions of either the government or the opposition. Globally, condemnation of the violence from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.voanews.com/a/human-rights-watch-accuses-israel-of-war-crimes-criticizes-selective-outrage-of-allies/7436111.html&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;human rights organisations&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;United Nations&lt;/a&gt; and even the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/world/pope-francis-deplores-israeli-killings-civilians-gaza-church-2023-12-17/&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;pope&lt;/a&gt; has yet to translate into meaningful action from political leaders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;sign-in-gate&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;gu-island name=&quot;SignInGateSelector&quot; priority=&quot;feature&quot; deferuntil=&quot;visible&quot; 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config=&quot;{&amp;quot;renderingTarget&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Web&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;darkModeAvailable&amp;quot;:false}&quot; data-island-status=&quot;hydrated&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;/gu-island&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ad-slot-container moze-center&quot; style=&quot;justify-content: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;dcr-vq85ex&quot; style=&quot;word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px;&quot;&gt;A UN resolution calling for a ceasefire was &lt;a href=&quot;https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-un-resolution-ceasefire-humanitarian-6d3bfd31d6c25168e828274d96b85cf8&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;blocked by the US&lt;/a&gt;. Even the language of protest has been forensically analysed to render it problematic or ignorant; protesters have been &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/01/curious-rise-settler-colonialism-and-turtle-island/677005/&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;accused&lt;/a&gt; of “shoehorning” the conflict into “trendy academic theory”, an indulgent modern preoccupation of “leftists and academics”. The foreign secretary, David Cameron, thinks we should not &lt;a href=&quot;https://x.com/Israel_katz/status/1745356056027377808?s=20&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;“bandy about”&lt;/a&gt; the charge of genocide. All this does is reflect what supporters of Palestine have been told for years: your position is fringe. It is&lt;strong style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;not based on evidence or morality, but rather on prejudice, radicalism&lt;strong style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;and (more recently)&lt;strong style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;on “wokeness”. In other words, the Israel-Palestine conflict is&lt;strong style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;complicated, best left to the grownups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;dcr-vq85ex&quot; style=&quot;word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px;&quot;&gt;This position was always premised on the fact that even if support for Palestine was popular, it was not potent. Rarely did it travel from the streets to the halls of power, and when it did, such sentiment could always be blocked or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lemonde.fr/en/europe/article/2023/12/16/european-union-still-divided-on-ceasefire-in-israel-hamas-conflict_6348898_143.html&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;dispersed&lt;/a&gt;. In voicing its condemnation of Israel, Ireland, an ex-colony, is one of the few nations to break with the Anglosphere. It has been predictably portrayed as an outlier, a “&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/11/02/ireland-has-shamed-itself-again-over-israel/&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;weak link&lt;/a&gt;” in a chain of consensus, and another member of the scruffy ranks who do not have to shoulder the great responsibility that comes with great power.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;dcr-vq85ex&quot; style=&quot;word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px;&quot;&gt;The submission to the ICJ challenged that portrayal both in appearances and in substance. It matters to hear things that were not taken seriously enough spelled out at a pitch that matches their graveness. It matters that these things, investigated by media outlets, reported by human rights organisations and narrated by Palestinians on the ground, are collected and listed in one address: 6,000 bombs a week in the first three weeks of the conflict; 2,000lb bombs deployed &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/jan/13/south-africa-israel-genocide-the-hague&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;at least 200 times&lt;/a&gt;; 85% of Gazans displaced; 93% of the population facing crisis levels of hunger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-2 offset-right ad-slot--offset-right ad-slot-container--offset-right moze-center&quot; style=&quot;min-height: 627px; justify-content: center; max-width: 300px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;dcr-vq85ex&quot; style=&quot;word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px;&quot;&gt;It matters that these claims are linked to the Geneva conventions and human rights law. And it matters that they are spoken in a formal setting, within a legal framework, uttered by lawyers and listened to by judges. Even the sober ritual and choreography of the proceedings was a sort of blessing. The overall effect is of an emphatic enfranchisement of the rights of people in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/world/gaza&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; data-component=&quot;auto-linked-tag&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Gaza&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;dcr-vq85ex&quot; style=&quot;word-break: break-word; --source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px;&quot;&gt;In that sense, it matters less what the final ruling is than that the case was made in the first place. You can agree or disagree on whether the legal hurdle for genocide has been met (or whether it even matters, if &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/world/israel&quot; data-link-name=&quot;in body link&quot; data-component=&quot;auto-linked-tag&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Israel&lt;/a&gt; and its allies will disregard it anyway), but in making a submission that recognises the seriousness of events – and that the seriousness of those events may amount to genocide – enough is presented to clearly illustrate that the international response has fallen shockingly short.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/jan/15/israel-trial-south-africa-icj-palestine&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Continue reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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                    <item>
                <title>Vanishing Line</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/4412842/vanishing-line</link>
                <pubDate>Sun, 31 Dec 2023 14:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;div class=&quot;dek moze-left&quot;&gt;How can a Kenyan road unfurl toward the future when it can’t seem to escape the past?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot; style=&quot;max-width: 40rem; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;By &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.guernicamag.com/author/april-zhu/&quot; title=&quot;Posts by April Zhu&quot; class=&quot;author url fn&quot; rel=&quot;author&quot; style=&quot;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;April Zhu&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.guernicamag.com/author/theo-aalders/&quot; title=&quot;Posts by Theo Aalders&quot; class=&quot;author url fn&quot; rel=&quot;author&quot; style=&quot;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Theo Aalders&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot; style=&quot;max-width: 40rem; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;byline&quot; style=&quot;max-width: 40rem; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;header class=&quot;page-header&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;aside class=&quot;social-tools&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 1.35rem; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; text-align: left; width: 9rem; justify-content: space-between; bottom: 0.5rem; right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;facebook-share-link&quot; onclick=&quot;window.open(this.href,&#039;targetWindow&#039;,&#039;toolbar=no,location=0,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=600,height=250&#039;); return false;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php%20%20%20%20%20?u=https://www.guernicamag.com/vanishing-line/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; style=&quot;height: 1.25rem; width: 1.25rem;&quot;&gt;&lt;br class=&quot;Apple-interchange-newline&quot;&gt;Share&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;twitter-share-link&quot; href=&quot;https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=Guernica%3A%20Vanishing%20Line&amp;amp;url=https://www.guernicamag.com/vanishing-line/&amp;amp;via=GuernicaMag&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; style=&quot;height: 1.25rem; width: 1.25rem;&quot;&gt;Tweet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;email-share-button&quot; href=&quot;mailto:?subject=Guernica:%20Vanishing%20Line&amp;amp;body=Vanishing%20Line%0D%0AGuernica%0D%0Aby%20April%20Zhu%20and%20Theo%20Aalders%0D%0A%0D%0AHow%20can%20a%20Kenyan%20road%20unfurl%20toward%20the%20future%20when%20it%20can%E2%80%99t%20seem%20to%20escape%20the%20past%3F%0D%0A%0D%0AFull%20story:%20https://www.guernicamag.com/vanishing-line/&quot; style=&quot;height: 1.25rem; width: 1.25rem;&quot;&gt;E-mail&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/aside&gt;&lt;/header&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;flexor&quot; style=&quot;justify-content: space-between;&quot;&gt;&lt;main class=&quot;site-main&quot; role=&quot;main&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; max-width: 39rem; margin: 0px; background-color: white; position: relative; width: calc(100% - 16rem); padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img width=&quot;800&quot; height=&quot;440&quot; src=&quot;https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-800x440.jpg&quot; class=&quot;attachment-post size-post wp-post-image&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; srcset=&quot;https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-800x440.jpg 800w, https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-672x370.jpg 672w, https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-1560x859.jpg 1560w, https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-356x196.jpg 356w, https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-768x423.jpg 768w, https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-1536x845.jpg 1536w, https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-2048x1127.jpg 2048w, https://www.guernicamag.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/spill-1-1200x660.jpg 1200w&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; width: 780px; height: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;caption moze-left&quot;&gt;Original illustration by &lt;a href=&quot;https://anneleguern.com/&quot; style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Anne Le Guern&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;section class=&quot;body-text &quot; style=&quot;margin: 1rem auto 2em; padding: 0px 0px 3rem; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(190, 190, 190); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.6; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;max-width: 800px;&quot;&gt;On January 11, 2023, the road was a crime scene. That day, an IED exploded beneath the first car in a convoy of Kenyan engineers and construction workers, killing all four passengers. Only the road witnessed the militants digging the hole to place the device, and the blackened, mangled body of the Toyota Hilux — just innards, no chassis, all four wheels still upright, attached to their axes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;max-width: 800px;&quot;&gt;Before the road was witness, before it was a crime scene, it was a wound in the landscape — a raw gash filled in and covered with gravel from quarries along the River Tana, which flows through the arid expanse of northeastern Kenya toward Kenya’s Indian Ocean coastline. Before it was a wound, it was negative space, left behind by piles of upturned topsoil, called “overburden,” that were trucked to somewhere else. Before it was negative space, it was a path of uprooted trees and shrubs. Before that, it was a constellation of concrete beacons that looked like gravestones. And before it was a constellation of beacons, before it was any of these other things, the road was a straight line on a map — solid, obvious, and true.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;max-width: 800px;&quot;&gt;Most other roads in this part of Kenya, a region characterized by infrastructural neglect, don’t have names. They go by numbers, like D568, C81, or A3. But from the moment this one was drawn, it had a name: the Lamu–Garissa Road. That is because this road isn’t just going to Garissa — other roads already do — this road is going into the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;max-width: 800px;&quot;&gt;The Lamu–Garissa Road forms the initial part of the Lamu Port–South Sudan–Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) Corridor, which is, in the words of LAPSSET authorities, the “first single gigantic, integrated, transformative, and game-changer infrastructure project.” The place-names in the acronym are a code for the promise of wealth: the project will link the oil fields of South Sudan and of Turkana in northern Kenya through a network of highways, railways, and pipelines to Lamu Port. Other roads and railways fan out into Ethiopia. Through this network, development shall emanate: farms, homes, resort cities, universities, refineries, factories. Lamu, an island off the north coast of Kenya near the border with Somalia, shall be restored to its historical glory as a central node of international trade along East Africa’s Swahili coastline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;max-width: 800px;&quot;&gt;The Lamu–Garissa Road begins in Mokowe, on Lamu’s mainland, close to Lamu Port. For fifteen miles, it is tarmacked, glossy, smooth, done. Its designers have big dreams for it: its one-hundred-and-fifty-five-mile body will stretch northward, bending a bit east at the halfway point to run parallel to the River Tana, stopping through the string of towns along that winding desert lifeline. The engineers plan a road with a speed of seventy-five miles per hour and a capacity of thousands of vehicles a day. Nothing out there has ever moved that fast.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;max-width: 800px;&quot;&gt;But the road isn’t even close to done yet. Not long after departing Mokowe, the tarmac turns to gravel. Farther on, the road ends: black IED scars have stopped it in its tracks. The LAPSSET Corridor is a flagship project of Kenya’s Vision 2030, a plan for “[transforming] the country into a middle-income, industrialized, and sustainable nation by 2030.” The most significant of its many programs are large-scale infrastructure projects; LAPSSET was meant to be the capstone. South Sudan’s independence in 2011 and the discovery of oil by the British firm Tullow Oil in Turkana provided a seductive base of extractive wealth (and thus lucrative justification) for such a corridor. According to the LAPSSET blueprints, at some points, highway, railway, and pipeline will all run in parallel within one 1,650-foot-wide artery along which liquid, cargo, and humans — that is to say, capital — will flow freely. All lines in this project point toward a single vanishing point: modernity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;max-width: 800px;&quot;&gt;Modernity reached other parts of Kenya long ago but struggled to make it up this far north. LAPSSET promises to change that, forming the connective tissue that allows capital to flow into northern Kenya’s impoverished, left-behind regions. “By 2030, it will become impossible to refer to any region of our country as ‘remote,’” the plan declares. “The Vision aims to move all Kenyans to the future as one nation.” LAPSSET will stitch the nation together — gone will be the era when the only way to get to Lamu from Nairobi within a day was by air — and also heal it, connecting “problem” regions of the north, long plagued by insecurity, with the prosperous central regions through inclusion in the modern economy. A road can make a promise.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;max-width: 800px;&quot;&gt;Continue on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.guernicamag.com/vanishing-line/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Guernica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;/main&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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                <title>From a “project of the century” to “small is beautiful”: The changing face of the BRI in Africa</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/4396398/from-a-project-of-the-century-to-small-is-beautiful-the-changing-face-of-th</link>
                <pubDate>Sun, 03 Dec 2023 02:37:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>For the &lt;a href=&quot;https://munkschool.utoronto.ca/belt-road/research/project-century-small-beautiful-changing-face-bri-africa&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Munk School of Global Affairs and Foreign Policy&lt;/a&gt; (University of Toronto), I consider the changing face of the BRI in Africa.&amp;nbsp;</description>
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                <title>Égalité de genre et survie des enfants de moins de cinq ans en Afrique: Dispositif constitutionnel, réglementaire, institutionnel et son impact</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/4396395/egalite-de-genre-et-survie-des-enfants-de-moins-de-cinq-ans-en-afrique-disp</link>
                <pubDate>Sun, 03 Dec 2023 02:33:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p style=&quot;outline: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;L’inégalité entre les hommes et les femmes ainsi que la mortalité élevée chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans restent des préoccupations pour la santé des populations et le développement en Afriqueen général. Un enfant né en Afrique sub-Saharienne a 14 fois plus de risques de mourir avant l’âge de cinq ans qu’un enfant né en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. De même, un enfant né en Afrique sub-Saharienne a 10 fois plus de risques de mourir au cours du premier mois de vie qu’un enfant né dans un pays à revenu élevé. Par ailleurs, à quelques exceptions près, l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes est nettement moins avancée en Afrique qu’ailleurs dans le monde.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;outline: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Identifier les moyens d’éliminer ces disparités est une tâche centrale en matière de santé publique et de développement pour tout gouvernement dans n’importe quel pays du monde en général et d’Afrique en particulier. Dans cette publication, nous suggérons que même en tenant compte des théories dominantes utilisées pour expliquer les dissimilitudes transnationales et infranationales de la mortalité tout au long de la vie humaine en général et de la mortalité infantile et juvénile en particulier, le « droit à la santé », s’il est inscrit dans la constitution nationale de chaque p a s africain avec suffisamment de dispositions relatives à l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes tout au long du parcours de vie, est très susceptible d’avoir un pouvoir explicatif important pour la santé des populations et le développement durable dans le contexte africain. Cette ligne de pensée s’appuie sur nos expériences de vie d’africains et scientifiques au parfum des réalités et capacités humaines sur le continent, et remet en question la notion de « pays en développement »ainsi qu’une grande partie de la littérature sur la santé et le développement axée essentiellement sur les déterminants biologiques, démographiques, économiques, ou socio-environnementaux de la santé. Ele plaide pour une approche axée sur la place du droit du citoyen dans le domaine de la santé, notamment par une prise en compte de ce « droit à la santé » dans les constitutions nationales et sa mise en œuvre effective dans les institutions nationales. &lt;a href=&quot;https://prame.openum.ca/publications/egalite-de-genre-et-survie-des-enfants-de-moins-de-cinq-ans-en-afrique/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;PRAME&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;outline: 0px;&quot; class=&quot;moze-justify&quot;&gt;Please read the English version &lt;a href=&quot;https://prame.openum.ca/files/sites/230/2023/06/working-paper_EN_digital.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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                <title>From Non-Interference to Adaptative Pragmatism: China’s Security Policy in Africa</title>
                <link>http://lemas-blog.mozello.com/blog/economics/params/post/4204177/from-non-interference-to-adaptative-pragmatism-chinas-security-policy-in-af</link>
                <pubDate>Tue, 03 Jan 2023 13:52:00 +0000</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Article by&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot; float: none;&quot;&gt;Mamoudou Gazibo and Abdou Rahim Lema in&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; float: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://asq.africa.ufl.edu/news/2022/gazibo-lema-fall2022/&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot;&gt;African Studies Quarterly&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;overflow-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;China’s growing focus on African peace and security has generated discussions on its longstanding foreign policy principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of African countries and most of that growing body of research have argued that China is doing away with its foreign policy principle. Drawing its conclusions from a careful analysis of China’s security engagement with African countries, this paper argues that, forced to deal with various African crises, China has been pragmatically adaptive. This adaptive pragmatism has allowed Beijing to get involved in Africa’s peace and security landscape without overtly compromising its traditional posture on non-interference.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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